Author: Ankit Gupta

Science projects are an excellent way for seventh graders to dive into the world of scientific inquiry. Science Projects for Class 7 range from simple home experiments to more elaborate science fair investigations, helping students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Whether exploring physics, chemistry, biology, or environmental science, these projects allow students to apply textbook theories in practical scenarios, enhancing their learning and fostering a love for science. Engaging in Science Projects Ideas for Class 7 not only meets educational requirements but also sparks a lifelong interest in science.

10 Easy Science Projects for Class 7

Engaging in science projects is a great way for class 7 students to apply classroom concepts in real-world situations. Here are 10 easy Science Project Ideas for class 7 that are both educational and fun:

1. Pinhole Camera Project

The Pinhole Camera Project introduces the basics of photography through a creative approach. This project involves constructing a camera that lacks a lens but utilizes a small pinhole. Through this, participants can grasp the fundamental principles of light travel and image formation, offering a hands-on experience in understanding the science of capturing light and images.

Materials Needed:

• A small cardboard box (like a shoebox)
• Black paint or black construction paper
• Aluminum foil
• Tape
• Pin or needle
• Photographic paper or regular paper

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Box: Paint the inside of the cardboard box black or line it with black construction paper to prevent light reflections inside the box.
2. Make the Pinhole: Cut a small square (about 1 inch by 1 inch) in the center of one side of the box. Cover this square with a piece of aluminum foil and secure it with tape. Use a pin or needle to poke a tiny hole in the center of the foil.
3. Insert Photographic Paper: If using photographic paper, place it on the inside of the box opposite the pinhole. Ensure the box is light-tight except for the pinhole. If using regular paper, you will need to trace the image projected on it, as it won’t capture a permanent image.
4. Seal the Box: Make sure all openings are sealed with tape to ensure no light leaks except through the pinhole.
5. Take a Picture: Point the pinhole towards a well-lit subject. Depending on the lighting, you may need to keep the pinhole facing the subject for several minutes to capture a clear image.
6. Develop the Image: If using photographic paper, develop the image in a darkroom according to the type of paper used. If using regular paper, simply trace or sketch the image projected inside the box.

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2. Vacuum cleaner Project

In the Vacuum Cleaner Project, participants delve into the realm of cleaning technology. This project entails building a miniature vacuum cleaner to comprehend how suction and airflow collaborate to eliminate dirt and debris. It not only provides insight into the mechanics of a vacuum cleaner but also imparts practical knowledge on cleanliness maintenance.

Materials Needed:

• A small electric fan or motor with a fan blade
• A plastic bottle (like a soda bottle)
• Battery or power source
• Switch (optional)
• Tape or glue
• Scissors or a knife
• A piece of cloth or small filter

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Bottle: Cut the bottom off the plastic bottle.
2. Attach the Fan: Insert the electric fan into the bottle neck. It should be a tight fit; use tape or glue if necessary to secure it.
3. Secure the Power Source: Connect the battery to the fan. Include a switch between the battery and the fan for easy control, if available.
4. Add a Filter: Attach a piece of cloth or a small filter to the open bottom of the bottle to catch dust and prevent it from entering the fan.
5. Test Your Vacuum Cleaner: Turn on the fan, and test the vacuum cleaner by holding the open end near small lightweight debris like crumbs or paper bits.

3. What Makes Ice Melt Fastest

The What Makes Ice Melt Fastest project presents a captivating experiment exploring the factors affecting the melting rate of ice. By conducting tests with various substances like salt, sugar, and sand on ice cubes, this project aids in understanding the scientific principles governing melting points and the influence of different materials on ice.

Materials Needed:

• Several identical ice cubes
• Different substances to test (e.g., salt, sugar, sand, baking soda)
• A stopwatch or timer
• Bowls or containers
• Thermometer (optional)

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Setup: Place each ice cube in a separate bowl or container.
2. Apply the Substances: Sprinkle an equal amount of each different substance on separate ice cubes. Keep one ice cube untreated as your control.
3. Start the Timer: Record the time it takes for each ice cube to completely melt.
4. Observe and Record: Note any differences in how quickly each ice cube melts. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the surroundings if you wish to record that as well.
5. Analyze Results: Compare the melting times to see which substance made the ice melt fastest. Discuss why some substances might have worked better than others based on their chemical properties and how they interact with ice and heat.

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4. Electricity Generator

The Electricity Generator Project offers an engaging exploration of electricity generation. By constructing a simple generator, this project demonstrates the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, providing a hands-on experience in comprehending the basic principles of electrical generation.

Materials Needed:

• Small DC motor
• LED light
• Gear or small hand crank
• Wire
• Tape or glue

Instructions:

1. Assemble the Generator: Attach the gear or crank to the shaft of the DC motor. This will be used to manually turn the motor.
2. Connect the Motor to the LED: Use wires to connect the terminals of the motor to the leads of the LED. Ensure that the connections are secure.
3. Test the Generator: Turn the crank or gear by hand to spin the motor’s shaft. As you turn the motor, it generates electricity that should light up the LED.
4. Optimize: Experiment with different speeds of turning and observe the brightness of the LED. Discuss how the speed of rotation affects the electricity generated.

5. Water Filter Project

Focused on the vital task of water purification, the Water Filter Project involves constructing a water filter to illustrate the process of removing impurities and contaminants from water. It serves as an educational and practical experiment, emphasizing the significance of clean water.

Materials Needed:

• Plastic bottle or a large funnel
• Coffee filters or cheesecloth
• Sand
• Gravel
• Activated charcoal
• Clean container to catch water

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Filter: Cut the bottom off the plastic bottle or use a funnel placed over a container.
2. Layer the Filtering Materials: Place the coffee filter or cheesecloth at the bottom to prevent the materials from falling through. Layer the gravel, then sand, and finally a layer of activated charcoal. Add another layer of sand on top if possible.
3. Pour Water: Slowly pour dirty or cloudy water into the top of the filter and let it drip through into the container below.
4. Observe: Watch as the water passes through the layers and comes out clearer at the bottom. Discuss the role of each layer in purifying the water.

6. Invisible Ink Project

The Invisible Ink Project is a fascinating exploration into the world of secret messaging. This project involves creating and using invisible ink to write messages that are revealed only under specific conditions. It’s a creative and engaging way to learn about chemical reactions and the science of hidden messages.

Materials Needed:

• Lemon juice or vinegar
• Cotton swabs or paintbrushes
• White paper
• A heat source (like a light bulb or hair dryer)

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Ink: Squeeze lemon juice or vinegar into a small container. You can dilute it with a little water if you prefer a less concentrated solution.
2. Write Your Message: Dip a cotton swab or a small paintbrush into the lemon juice or vinegar and use it to write a message on the white paper. The writing may be slightly visible when wet but should become invisible as it dries.
3. Let It Dry: Allow the paper to dry completely. The message will disappear once the liquid evaporates.
4. Reveal the Message: To read the invisible message, carefully hold the paper near a heat source. The heat will cause the dried lemon juice or vinegar to oxidize and change color, making it visible. A light bulb or hair dryer works well for this, but make sure to maintain a safe distance to avoid scorching the paper.
5. Discuss the Science: Explain that the acidic lemon juice or vinegar weakens the paper fibers slightly. When heated, these areas of the paper burn or brown more quickly than the rest of the paper, revealing the message.

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7. Homemade Barometer Project

The Homemade Barometer Project explores the science behind measuring atmospheric pressure. By constructing a simple barometer using everyday materials, this project demonstrates how changes in air pressure impact the liquid level in a tube, offering a fun and educational approach to learning about weather forecasting.

Materials Needed:

• Glass jar
• Balloon
• Scissors
• Straw
• Tape
• Index card
• Marker

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Jar: Cut the balloon open and stretch it over the mouth of the jar, ensuring it’s tightly sealed.
2. Set the Indicator: Tape a straw to the center of the stretched balloon. Make sure it’s balanced and points outward horizontally.
3. Create a Scale: Place the index card behind the straw to act as a scale. Use a marker to create a scale or record initial position.
4. Monitor Changes: As air pressure changes, the balloon will either expand or contract, causing the straw to move up or down. Record these changes over time and correlate them with weather conditions.
5. Discuss Observations: Analyze how the barometer responds to different weather patterns and why changes in air pressure affect the balloon.

8. Potato Battery Project

The Potato Battery Project is an intriguing experiment showcasing how to generate electricity using a potato. By creating a simple battery with a potato, zinc, and copper electrodes, this project illustrates the basic principles of chemical reactions and electrical energy generation.

Materials Needed:

• 2-3 potatoes
• Copper coins or strips
• Zinc nails or galvanized nails
• Wires with alligator clips
• Small LED light or digital clock

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Potatoes: Cut each potato in half to increase the surface area.
2. Insert Electrodes: Insert a copper coin or strip into one cut side of each potato half, and a zinc nail into the other side. Ensure they don’t touch each other.
3. Connect the Circuit: Use wires with alligator clips to connect the copper of one potato to the zinc of another potato. Continue this pattern for all potato halves.
4. Attach the Device: Connect the free copper and zinc ends to the small LED light or digital clock. The copper should be connected to the positive terminal, and the zinc to the negative terminal.
5. Observe: Watch as the chemical reaction between the zinc, the acid in the potato, and the copper generates a small electrical current, powering the LED light or clock.

9. Cloud Formation

The Cloud Formation project is an informative study of how clouds are formed in the atmosphere. By understanding the processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, this project explains the science behind cloud formation and weather patterns.

Materials Needed:

• A clear plastic bottle with a cap
• Warm water
• Matches (adult supervision required)

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Bottle: Fill the plastic bottle one-third full with warm water and cap it. Let it sit for about a minute.
2. Create Smoke: Light a match, let it burn for a few seconds, and then drop it into the bottle (adult supervision required). Quickly cap the bottle.
3. Form the Cloud: Squeeze the bottle hard for about 5 seconds and then release it. Observe the formation of a small cloud inside the bottle when you release the pressure.
4. Explain the Science: Discuss how the smoke particles acted as condensation nuclei, allowing water vapor to condense and form a cloud when the pressure was quickly decreased.

10. Learn How Salt Affects Density

The Learn How Salt Affects Density project explores the concept of density through a simple experiment involving saltwater. By measuring the density of water with varying amounts of salt, this project illustrates how the concentration of salt affects the density of the solution.

Materials Needed:

• Two glasses of water
• Table salt
• Two raw eggs
• Spoon or stirrer

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Solutions: Fill one glass with plain tap water and the other with tap water and a generous amount of salt. Stir the salt water until the salt completely dissolves.
2. Conduct the Experiment: Carefully place a raw egg into each glass.
3. Observe and Compare: Notice that the egg sinks in the plain water but floats in the salt water.
4. Discuss the Results: Explain how the addition of salt increased the water’s density, making it dense enough to support the egg, which demonstrates buoyancy principles.

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Some More Unique Working Model Ideas for Class 7 Science Projects

1. Smart Irrigation System Using Moisture Sensor: A model that shows how soil moisture controls water flow for plants — linking science with technology.
2. Magnetic Train Prototype: Demonstrates magnetic repulsion and attraction to move a toy train without physical push.
3. Self-Cleaning Water Bottle: A UV-light-based model showing how water bottles can sterilize themselves to kill germs.
4. Carbon Capture Model: A mini setup showing how certain materials (like lime water or charcoal) can absorb carbon dioxide.
5. DIY Air Purifier with Activated Charcoal: Build a simple working purifier to filter dust and pollutants from air.
6. Wind-Powered Phone Charger Model: Using a mini turbine connected to a small dynamo to generate electricity for charging.
7. Biodegradable Plastic from Potato Starch: Create a working sample of eco-friendly plastic film and test its strength.
8. Mini Earthquake Resistance Structure: Design a small building model to test stability against vibrations (using a shaking base).
9. Solar-Powered Desalination Unit: A small working model showing how sunlight can purify salty water into fresh water.
10. Smart Traffic Signal with Density Sensors: A working model that changes light timings depending on the number of toy cars (density).

The Prime Minister Scholarship Scheme 2025 (PMSS 2025) is a government program that combines different types of student scholarships 2025 to support the children and widows of India’s security and police personnel. The goal of this scheme is to make sure that every eligible family has the financial help they need to continue higher studies.

Whether the applicant belongs to the State Police, Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), Assam Rifles, or other central organizations, the PM Scholarship 2025 offers opportunities for quality education. Students can easily check the details and complete the PM Scholarship Yojana Online Registration 2025 or the PM Scholarship 2025 Apply Online process through the NSP Scholarship 2025 portal.

Here are the main categories of scholarships covered under the Prime Minister Scholarship Scheme 2025:

1. PMSS for Wards/Widows of State/UT Police Personnel

This category supports the children and widows of State and Union Territory Police personnel who lost their lives in terror or Naxal-related incidents. The Prime Minister Scholarship Scheme 2025 honors their sacrifice by providing a new scholarship 2025 option for higher education. It is also a valuable scholarship for 12th passed students by government 2025, especially for those aiming to study professional courses after completing school.

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2. PMSS for Wards/Widows of CAPFs & Assam Rifles

This section of the PM Scholarship 2025 benefits families of personnel from BSF, CRPF, ITBP, SSB, CISF, and Assam Rifles. Children and widows of serving, retired, disabled, or martyred personnel can apply. With the help of the PM Scholarship 2025 Application Form, they can get support for courses such as engineering, medicine, MBA, MCA, B.Ed., and other professional degrees recognized by UGC, AICTE, and similar bodies. This makes it one of the most helpful student scholarship 2025 programs under the government.

3. PMSS for Wards/Widows of Central Police Organizations (CPOs)/Central Police Forces (CPF)

Apart from CAPFs and Assam Rifles, the Prime Minister Scholarship Scheme 2025 also covers other Central Police Forces. This ensures no family is left out of the PMSS Scholarship 2025 benefits. Through PM Scholarship Yojana Online Registration 2025, students from these families can continue their studies with financial support and secure a better future.

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What is PM Scholarship Scheme 2025?

The Prime Minister Scholarship Scheme 2025 (PMSS 2025) is a government-funded program that provides financial assistance to students so they can continue higher education without facing financial barriers. This scheme is specially designed for the wards and widows of Police personnel, Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), Assam Rifles, and Central Police Organizations (CPOs/CPFs).

The main purpose of the Prime Minister Scholarship Scheme 2025 is to support the families of India’s protectors—those who serve the nation and often risk or sacrifice their lives for our safety. By offering student scholarships 2025, the government ensures that children and dependents of these brave personnel can pursue professional and technical courses after Class 12.

PM Scholarship Scheme 2025 – Important Dates

Scholarship Scheme	Scheme Open From	Student Application Last Date	Defective Application Verification	Institute Verification Last Date	DNO/SNO/MNO Verification Last Date
Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme for Wards of States/UTs Police Personnel Martyred During Terror/Naxal Attacks	02-06-2025	31-10-2025	15-11-2025	15-11-2025	30-11-2025
Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme for Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) and Assam Rifles	02-06-2025	31-10-2025	15-11-2025	15-11-2025	30-11-2025
Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme for Ministry of Railways	02-06-2025	31-10-2025	15-11-2025	15-11-2025	30-11-2025

Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme (PMSS) 2025 for Wards of States/UTs Police Personnel Martyred in Terror/Naxal Attacks

The Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme (PMSS) 2025 is a special government initiative introduced by the Ministry of Home Affairs to help the children and widows of State and Union Territory Police personnel who lost their lives in terrorist or Naxal-related attacks. This scheme was first launched in the 2019–20 academic year to encourage higher education, particularly in professional and technical fields.

The aim of this scholarship is to honor the sacrifices of police personnel by supporting the education of their families and ensuring they can pursue professional degrees without financial hardship.

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Number of Scholarships Available

• A total of 500 scholarships are awarded each year.
• The scholarships are divided equally: 250 for boys and 250 for girls.

Benefits of the Scholarship

• Amount of Scholarship:
  • ₹3,000 per month for girls (₹36,000 per year)
  • ₹2,500 per month for boys (₹30,000 per year)
• Duration:
  • The scholarship is given for up to 5 years, depending on the length of the course being studied.

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Eligibility Criteria

To apply for the PMSS 2025, the applicant must:

1. Be a dependent ward or widow of State/UT Police personnel who were martyred during terror or Naxal attacks.
2. Be pursuing a first professional degree program in fields such as:
   • Engineering (BE/B.Tech)
   • Medicine (MBBS, BDS)
   • Veterinary Science
   • Nursing, Agriculture, B.Sc programs
   • BBA, BCA, B.Pharma
   • MBA, MCA, B.Ed., etc.

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1. Have secured at least 60% marks in their last qualifying exam (10+2/Diploma/Graduation).
   • For renewals, students must pass every academic year with at least 50% marks.
2. Only two children per family can benefit from the scholarship.
3. The scholarship is open to all wards regardless of marital status.

Courses Covered

Only the first professional degree is covered under this scheme. Some examples include:

• BE/B.Tech, BDS, MBBS
• BBA, BCA, B.Pharma
• B.Sc (Nursing, Agriculture, etc.)
• MBA, MCA, B.Ed.

Application Process (Online via NSP)

The application must be submitted online through the National Scholarship Portal (NSP): scholarships.gov.in

For New Applicants

1. Visit the NSP website and click on “New Registration” under Applicant Corner.
2. Read the guidelines, tick the checkbox, and click Continue.
3. Fill in all required details to complete the registration.
4. Log in and complete the PMSS Scholarship 2025 Application Form.
5. Upload the required documents.

For Renewal Applicants

1. Log in using your Application ID and Password.
2. Select Fresh Application.
3. Update academic details.
4. Upload renewal documents from the institution.
5. Submit online.

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Documents Required

For Fresh Applicants

• Aadhaar card
• Passport-size photo
• Certificate from State Government confirming martyrdom in terror/Naxal violence
• Attested copy of mark sheet (10+2/Diploma/Graduation)
• Disability certificate (if applicable)
• Death certificate of police personnel
• Bank account details (linked with Aadhaar)
• Any other relevant documents

For Renewal Applicants

• Certificate from the educational institution confirming continuation of the course

Payment of Scholarship

• The amount is directly transferred to the student’s bank account through PFMS under the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system.
• Both fresh and renewal applicants receive payments this way.

Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme (PMSS) 2025 for Wards/Widows of Central Police Force Personnel

The Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme (PMSS) 2025 is a government initiative launched by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in the academic year 2006–07. Its main aim is to support the higher education of wards and widows of Central Police Force (CPF) personnel by providing them with financial assistance.

The nature of service in the CPFs is extremely challenging. Personnel often stay away from their families for long periods, which sometimes affects the education of their children. To reduce this burden, the Prime Minister of India announced 5,000 scholarships for the wards of ex-servicemen and widows from the Army, Para-Military Forces, and the Railway Protection Force (RPF). Out of these, 1,000 scholarships were reserved for MHA and Railways, where 910 scholarships are allocated for CPFs under MHA and 90 for RPF under the Ministry of Railways.

Benefits of the PMSS 2025

• Scholarship Amount
  • ₹1,250 per month for boys
  • ₹1,500 per month for girls
• Duration of Scholarship
  • Minimum 2 years and maximum 5 years, depending on the course as approved by government regulatory bodies.

Eligibility for PMSS 2025

1. Who can apply?
   • Wards and widows of CPF personnel who died while in service.
   • Wards of CPF personnel disabled while on duty.
   • Wards of personnel who received Gallantry Awards.
   • Wards and widows of serving or retired CPF personnel (up to the rank of Subedar Major/Inspector or equivalent).
2. Priority for Scholarship (if applications exceed seats):
   • Category A: Wards/widows of CPF personnel killed in action.
   • Category B: Wards of CPF personnel disabled in action.
   • Category C: Wards of CPF personnel awarded Gallantry Awards.
   • Category D: Wards/widows of personnel who died in service (non-battle).
   • Category E: Wards of CPF personnel disabled during service (disability linked to duty).
   • Category F: Wards of ex-CPF personnel (Below Officer Rank).
   • Category G: Wards of in-service personnel (Below Officer Rank) — considered on merit, subject to availability.
3. Eligible Courses:
   • First professional degree programs in Engineering, Medicine, Dental, Veterinary, MBA, MCA, B.Ed., and other courses recognized by AICTE, UGC, MCI, etc.
4. Academic Requirements:
   • Minimum 60% marks at Class 12 (10+2) or equivalent for first-time applicants.
   • For renewal, students must secure at least 50% marks in each academic year.

Application Process (Offline)

1. Applications must be submitted by 30th November each year.
2. Candidates should send applications to their concerned Force Headquarters using the prescribed form (Annexure).
3. After verification, Force HQ forwards eligible applications to the Welfare and Rehabilitation Board (WARB), CPFs, CGO Complex, New Delhi, by 15th December.
4. WARB prepares the final list of selected candidates and sends it to the Ministry of Home Affairs by 31st December.
5. Selected candidates are informed directly by WARB.

Important Rules:

• Applications sent directly to WARB or MHA are not accepted.
• Late or incomplete applications are rejected.
• Applicants must provide two stamped self-addressed envelopes (27×12 cm) with their forms.
• Any false information can lead to cancellation of the scholarship and refund of the amount already received.

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Documents Required

Applicants must attach attested copies of the following documents:

• Matriculation certificate (for proof of date of birth).
• 10+2 mark sheet or equivalent exam certificate.
• For MBA/MCA applicants: proof of eligibility certificate.
• Bonafide student certificate from the college/university.
• Mark sheet of the previous academic year (for renewal cases).
• Certificate from college that the applicant has not dropped out of the course.
• Certificate confirming that the institution is recognized by AICTE/MCI/UGC.
• Discharge certificate/I-card of ex-CPF personnel.
• PPO or pension-related documents (for widows).
• Death certificate of ex-CPF personnel (if applicable).
• Relationship/dependency certificate.
• Disability certificate (if applicable).
• Declaration form duly signed on ₹1 revenue stamp.
• For in-service wards (PBOR): certificate from the unit commandant.

Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme (PMSS) 2025 for Wards of CAPFs & Assam Rifles

The Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme (PMSS) 2025 is a financial aid program run by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India. It was started in 2006–07 to support the children and widows of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) and Assam Rifles (AR) personnel. The main goal of the scheme is to encourage higher education in professional and technical fields such as engineering, medicine, management, nursing, pharmacy, and other recognized degree programs.

Number of Scholarships Available

• Total Scholarships per year: 2,000 (1,000 for boys and 1,000 for girls)
• Renewals included: In addition to fresh cases, ongoing renewals from previous years are also considered.
• Note: If fewer than 1,000 applicants are selected from either boys or girls, the vacant slots will not be transferred to the other gender.

Scholarship Benefits

• Girls: ₹3,000 per month (₹36,000 annually)
• Boys: ₹2,500 per month (₹30,000 annually)
• Duration: Up to 5 years, depending on the length of the chosen course and approval from the respective regulatory body (AICTE, UGC, MCI, etc.).
• Payment Mode: Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) through PFMS into the applicant’s bank account.

Eligibility Criteria

Students applying under PMSS 2025 for CAPFs & Assam Rifles must meet the following conditions:

1. Who Can Apply
   • Wards or widows of CAPF/AR personnel who died in service or on election duty.
   • Wards of personnel disabled due to service-related reasons.
   • Children of ex-CAPFs/AR personnel with Gallantry Awards.
   • Wards/widows of retired or serving CAPFs & AR personnel (below officer rank).
2. Education Requirement
   • Must be enrolled in the first year of a professional degree program such as BE, B.Tech, MBBS, BDS, BBA, BCA, B.Pharma, B.Sc (Nursing, Agriculture, etc.), MBA, MCA, etc.
   • Must have scored at least 60% marks in Class 12 / Diploma / Graduation (for fresh applications).
   • Renewal candidates must pass every academic year with minimum 50% marks.
3. Other Rules
   • A maximum of two children per family can benefit.
   • Both married and unmarried wards are eligible.
   • Students admitted to professional degree courses via lateral entry (after diploma) can also apply.
   • Marks for CBSE students will be calculated based on the best 5 subjects out of 500.

Courses Eligible Under PMSS

Only first professional degree programs recognized by UGC/AICTE/MCI and other regulatory bodies are allowed, such as:

• Engineering & Technology – BE, B.Tech
• Medical & Dental – MBBS, BDS
• Veterinary, Agriculture & Nursing – B.Sc (Nursing, Agriculture, etc.)
• Management & IT – BBA, BCA, MBA, MCA
• Pharmacy & Education – B.Pharma, B.Ed

Excluded Courses

• Diploma courses not leading to a degree
• Distance education/correspondence programs
• Second/duplicate degree or course changes after admission
• Master’s degrees (except MBA and MCA)
• Courses abroad

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Application Process – How to Apply Online

Applications for PMSS Scholarship 2025 must be submitted online through the National Scholarship Portal (NSP): https://scholarships.gov.in

For New Applicants

1. Visit the NSP website and click “New Registration”.
2. Read the instructions and agree to the undertaking.
3. Fill in your basic details and register.
4. Log in with your credentials, select PMSS 2025, and fill the form.
5. Upload the required documents and submit.

For Renewal Applicants

1. Log in to NSP and select “Renewal Application”.
2. Enter previous year details and upload proof of passing with minimum 50%.
3. Submit the renewal form online.

Documents Required

For Fresh Applicants

• Aadhaar Card
• Service Certificate (for serving personnel)
• Class 12/Diploma/Graduation marksheet (scanned copy)
• PPO/Discharge Certificate (for retired cases)
• Death Certificate (if applicable)
• Disability Certificate (if applicable)
• Gallantry Award Certificate (if applicable)

For Renewal Applicants

• Service Certificate (for serving personnel)
• Certificate from the educational institution confirming student’s performance

Note: Applicants must have a bank account in a nationalized bank linked with Aadhaar for DBT.

The Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 plays a crucial role in deepening a student’s understanding of the subject. Explore a list of popular topics for your Physics Investigatory Project Class 12. The Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 has been released by CBSE. For students in Class 12 Science, Physics is often seen as one of the toughest and most challenging subjects because it includes a wide variety of concepts. The Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 is an essential part of the curriculum that helps students deepen their understanding of the subject.

If you’re in Class 12, whether under CBSE or another board, and you’re searching for Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 topics, you’ve come to the right place. This blog provides a list of common Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 topics that students can explore as part of their school coursework

Physics Investigatory Project for Class 12

Completing the Physics Investigatory Project for Class 12 involves planning and conducting experiments, carefully analyzing the results, and presenting the findings in a comprehensive report or a well-organized presentation. Below are some popular Class 12 Physics investigatory project topics that students can explore.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Heat Transfer in an Incandescent Lamp

Objective: The objective of this project is to determine how much electrical energy in an incandescent lamp is lost due to thermionic emission from the filament. If the losses are significant, it suggests that replacing incandescent lamps could improve energy efficiency.

Theory: Using details like electricity usage, filament temperature, and ambient temperature, you can split the power output into parts due to thermionic emission and thermal radiation. Conduction depends on filament temperature (Fourier’s Law), while radiation is proportional to the fourth power of filament temperature (Stefan-Boltzmann Law).

Requirements: For this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12, you will need a 25-watt evacuated light bulb, a programmable power source, two high-precision digital meters, and a digital thermometer.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Observations of Gas in the Infrared Spectrum

Objective: The goal of this project is to study the impact of a gas’s chemical properties on its ability to absorb and transmit infrared radiation, with the main focus on hiding a transmissive gas heating element.

Theory: The results show that the molecular structure of gas determines its ability to transmit infrared radiation. Certain gases have strong absorption zones, leading to limited transmittance in the infrared spectrum.

Requirements: You will need PVC pipe, a spectroradiometer, an 8–12-micron infrared camera with digital imaging, a blackbody, and various gases.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Doppler Effect

Objective: This project investigates the changes in sound waves by creating a visual model of how sound waves behave as a vehicle passes by.

Theory: The Doppler effect occurs because each subsequent wave crest is generated from a position closer to the observer than the previous crest as the source moves towards the observer. This project visually demonstrates how sound waves change, making the sound appear different when a car approaches and then passes.

Requirements: For this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12, you will need a ruler, scissors, tape, a toy car, two pieces of colored construction paper, plain paper, and a marker or camera.

Also Check: Class 12th CBSE Board Exam Date Sheet 2026

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Hydropower Project

Objective: The objective of this hydropower project is to understand the power of water through practical observation.

Theory: Hydropower plants are constructed at the base of dams to utilize the higher water pressure found there. Excess water is directed into the dam through a pipe called a penstock, which then directs the water onto turbine blades. The pressure from the water drives the turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity.

Requirements: For this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12, you will need a half-gallon paper milk carton, a gallon of water, an awl or 10p nail, masking tape, a ruler, a magic marker, scissors, a notepad, and a pencil.

Also Check: Chemistry Investigatory Project for Class 12

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Use and Impact of Recycled Materials in Thermal Insulation

Objective: This project aims to determine which recycled material serves as the most effective thermal insulator by experimenting with materials like fiberglass, pine shavings, polyurethane, polystyrene, perlite, cellulose, polyethylene foil, and bubble wrap.

Theory: This Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 could be useful in reducing heating costs during winter by identifying the best insulating material. Among the materials tested, fiberglass tends to retain heat the longest, making it the most efficient insulator.

Requirements: You will need particle board, a light bulb, a digital thermometer, and cardboard boxes for this experiment.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Colors with Long and Short Wavelengths

Objective: This project aims to measure the external and internal temperatures of buildings, as well as the insulation rates, when they are painted in different solid and mixed colors.

Theory: The analysis revealed that internal temperatures correlated with the wavelength of colors. Generally, combination color houses had lower insulation efficiency compared to houses painted in solid colors. Among the colors, blue was the most effective insulator.

Requirements: For this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12, oil paints, a white control house, digital and infrared thermometers are needed.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Insulation Value Experiment

Objective: The aim of this project is to compare the insulation value of straw with more commonly used insulation materials like fiberglass and rigid foam panels.

Theory: Proper insulation is key to energy-efficient building design. Insulation helps retain heat during cold weather and keeps the heat out during hot weather. Various materials, including straw, fiberglass, and rigid foam, can be used to insulate walls, floors, and pipelines to prevent heat transfer.

Requirements: The materials required for this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 include speakers, insulation materials, and a digital thermometer.

Also Check: Acknowledgement for Project Class 12 Design

How to Approach Your Physics Investigatory Project Class 12

Selection of Topic: Choose a topic that interests you and aligns with the curriculum. Make sure it’s feasible with the resources available.
Research: Conduct thorough research using textbooks, scientific journals, and online resources to understand the theory behind your project.
Planning: Outline your project, detailing the objectives, materials needed, and methodology. Plan your time efficiently to ensure all phases of the project are completed.
Experimentation: Conduct experiments methodically, record observations accurately, and repeat tests to ensure reliability.
Analysis: Analyze the data collected, compare it with theoretical expectations, and draw conclusions. Use graphs and charts to present your findings clearly.
Presentation: Prepare a detailed report with an introduction, methodology, results, analysis, and conclusion. Include diagrams, photos, and references. Be ready to present and explain your project to others.

Class 12 Physics Project Topics 2025-26

The Margadeepam Scholarship 2025 is a financial aid program launched by the Kerala State Government to support students in Classes 1 to 8 studying in government-aided schools across the state. This scheme is specially designed to ease the financial burden on families and encourage children to continue their primary education without interruption. To access this benefit, students and parents must fill out the margadeepam scholarship form through the official portal.

Eligible students can complete the margadeepam scholarship apply online process within minutes by registering on the official website. The government has clearly laid out the Eligibility Criteria for Margadeepam Scholarship 2025, which include being a permanent resident of Kerala, belonging to a recognized minority community, and having a family income below ₹1 lakh annually. Students meeting these conditions can proceed with the Margadeepam Scholarship Application Process and submit the necessary documents.

The margadeepam scholarship form 2025-26 is not only a step toward financial assistance but also an initiative that promotes educational equality. By offering a grant of ₹1,500 per student, this program helps cover school-related expenses and reduces dropout rates among children from weaker economic backgrounds. Applicants can keep a copy of the margadeepam scholarship application form pdf after submission for future tracking and verification.

Also Check: Azim Premji Scholarship 2025

Overview of the Margadeepam Scholarship 2025-26

The Margadeepam Scholarship 2025 is managed by the Minority Welfare Department of Kerala. It provides financial assistance worth ₹1,500 per student annually. Scholarships are distributed based on community population ratios to ensure fair opportunities among minorities such as Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and Parsis.

Feature	Description
Scholarship Name	Margadeepam Scholarship 2025-26
Launched By	Kerala State Government
Managed By	Minority Welfare Department of Kerala
Beneficiaries	Students in Classes 1 to 8 (Govt.-aided institutions)
Scholarship Amount	₹1,500 per student
Mode of Application	Online (via official website)
Margadeepam Scholarship Form Type	Online and downloadable margadeepam scholarship form pdf
Annual Family Income Limit	Less than ₹1,00,000
Reservation	Based on population ratio of minority communities + 30% seats for girls
Official Website	margadeepam.kerala.gov.in
Helpline	Email: scholarship.mwd@gmail.com

Purpose of the Margadeepam Scholarship

The main objectives of the Margadeepam Scholarship 2025-26 are:

• To reduce dropout rates in primary classes.
• To ensure financially weak students get access to continuous education.
• To offer special support for female students (30% of seats reserved).
• To promote educational inclusivity among minority communities.
• To support students with disabilities by giving them equal opportunities.

Do Check: PM Scholarship Scheme 2025

Eligibility Criteria for Margadeepam Scholarship 2025

Before filling the margadeepam scholarship application form, students must check if they meet the eligibility rules.

Eligibility Requirements

Criteria	Details
Residency	Must be a permanent resident of Kerala
Family Income	Annual income should not exceed ₹1 lakh
Class Level	Student must be in Classes 1 to 8 in a government-aided school
Community	Scholarship distribution is based on population ratios of minorities
Disability Support	Students with at least 40% disability must provide a valid certificate
Female Reservation	30% of scholarships reserved for female students

This Eligibility Criteria for Margadeepam Scholarship 2025 is the most important step before submission. If any requirement is not fulfilled, the application may be rejected

Financial Benefits

The Margadeepam Scholarship 2025 provides a direct benefit of ₹1,500 per selected student. This grant helps cover:

• Tuition fees
• Learning materials
• School-related expenses

Even though the amount may look modest, for many families with limited income, this Margadeepam Scholarship reduces financial stress and prevents children from dropping out.

Do Check: Aikyashree Scholarship 2025

Required Documents for Margadeepam Scholarship

Applicants must upload scanned copies of specific documents along with the margadeepam scholarship application form pdf.

Document Name	Purpose
Aadhaar Card	To verify student identity
Income Certificate	Proof that family income is below ₹1 lakh
Religion/Caste Certificate	Needed for community-based reservation
Disability Certificate	If applicable, proof of at least 40% disability
Bank Passbook	For scholarship amount transfer
Ration Card	Additional proof of family income and residency

Margadeepam Scholarship Application Process

The Margadeepam Scholarship Application Process is fully online. Students and parents can either fill out the margadeepam scholarship form online or download the margadeepam scholarship form pdf.

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Visit Official Website
   Go to margadeepam.kerala.gov.in.
2. Registration/Login
   Click on Registration/Login and create an account.
3. Official Login
   Enter login credentials and access the dashboard.
4. Add Student Details
   Fill in the student’s personal, academic, and school details.
5. Upload Documents
   Attach scanned copies of Aadhaar, certificates, and other required documents.
6. Apply for Scholarship
   Review the details, then click on Apply for Scholarship.
7. Save Application Form
   Download the margadeepam scholarship application form pdf for reference.

Margadeepam Scholarship Selection Process

The selection of students depends on multiple factors:

• Eligibility Check: Only those who meet all requirements are shortlisted.
• Community Distribution: Based on community population ratios.
• Female Reservation: 30% seats are first allocated to female students.
• Disability Support: Students with disability certificates get special consideration.

Do Check: HDFC Scholarship 2025

Margadeepam Scholarship Status Check

Once students have successfully submitted the margadeepam scholarship application form, the next important step is to track its progress. The Kerala State Government has made it easy for applicants to monitor their scholarship requests through the official portal. By checking the status, students and parents can confirm whether their application has been accepted, is under review, or requires additional action. This feature ensures transparency and gives families peace of mind about the progress of their application.

Why Check the Status?

• To confirm successful submission of the margadeepam scholarship form.
• To know if the uploaded documents, such as income or caste certificates, have been verified.
• To track whether the application is under review by the Minority Welfare Department.
• To check if the scholarship amount of ₹1,500 has been approved and is ready for disbursement.

Steps to Check Margadeepam Scholarship 2025 Status

Follow these simple steps to check the progress of your application:

• Visit the Official Website
  Go to the official scholarship portal at margadeepam.kerala.gov.in
• Click on “Check Status”
  On the homepage, locate and click on the “Check Status” option. This will redirect you to the status tracking page.
• Enter Aadhaar Number
  Type in the student’s Aadhaar number, which was used during the Margadeepam Scholarship Application Process. The Aadhaar ensures secure access and prevents duplication.
• Submit the Details
  After entering the Aadhaar number, click on the Submit button.
• View Current Status
  The system will display the latest status of the application. This may show as Submitted, Under Verification, Approved, or Rejected with reasons provided.

Important Dates for Margadeepam Scholarship 2025-26

Event	Date
Scholarship Start Date	August 19, 2025
Last Date to Submit Application	September 12, 2025

Students must submit the margadeepam scholarship form 2025-26 before the deadline.

Conclusion

The Margadeepam Scholarship 2025 is a vital scheme for Kerala’s school children. With a simple Margadeepam Scholarship Application Process, families can easily apply online or download the margadeepam scholarship form pdf. By meeting the Eligibility Criteria for Margadeepam Scholarship 2025, students can access financial support of ₹1,500, which covers their educational expenses and secures their future learning.

The JNV Class 9 Admission Form 2026 has been released for students seeking admission to Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas. According to the notification issued by the Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS), the announcement includes important details such as the last date for application submission and the exam schedule.

Admissions will be conducted through the JNVST 2026 Lateral Entry Selection Test (LEST), organized by NVS. Students are required to carefully fill in the application form as per the prescribed guidelines; failing to do so may lead to rejection of their application.

For complete details on the application process, eligibility criteria, syllabus, exam pattern, and preparation strategies, read this comprehensive article.

JNV Class 9 Admission Form 2026 Download

The Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Class 9 admission form is available on the official website – navodayagov.in. Students need to visit the site, complete registration with basic details, and then proceed to fill in the application form.

The last date to submit the Class 9 admission form is 23 September 2025. Applicants must carefully follow the guidelines and provide all required information, as only those who submit the form correctly will be issued the admit card. Importantly, there is no application fee for submitting the JNV Class 9 Admission Form 2026.

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Admission Overview

JNVST Class 9 Admission
Exam Name	Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Selection Test 2026
Exam Conducting Body	National Testing Agency
NVS application form date	26 July 2025
NVS class 9 application form last date	23 September 2025
Correction Window	October 2025
Admit Card	January 2025
Exam Date	07 February 2026
Provisional Answer Key	March 2026
Final Answer Key	March 2026
Result	March 2026
Document Verification	April 2026

JNV Class 9 Admission Form 2026 Last Date

The last date to apply for JNV Class 9 Admission form 2026 is 23 September 2025. Students should complete the application process well before the deadline to avoid last-minute delays. Since heavy traffic or server issues may occur closer to the closing date, submitting the form early is strongly recommended to secure admission without risk.

Also Check: CBSE Roll Number Finder 2025

JNV Class 9 Application Form Filling Process

The JNV Class 9 application form must be filled strictly according to the official guidelines. Any errors or missing information can lead to rejection of the application. Students should carefully follow the steps below to complete the form:

1. Visit the official websites: https://cbseitms.rcil.gov.in/nvs/ or navodaya.gov.in.
2. Click on the link for Class 9 Admission / Registration Form.
3. Enter a valid email ID and mobile number to register.
4. Use the username and password sent to your registered email to log in to the NVS portal.
5. Open the application form page and first enter basic details, then fill in personal information.
6. Review the form carefully and submit it as instructed.

Note: There is no application fee for the JNV Class 9 admission form 2026.

JNV Class 9 Admission Form Eligibility

JNVST Class 9 Eligibility 2026-27 must be reviewed carefully before applying. Only students who meet the criteria set by NVS will be considered for admission to Class 9 in Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas.

• The student must be studying in Class 8 during the academic session 2025–26.
• The date of birth should fall between 1 May 2011 and 31 July 2013 (both dates inclusive).
• The student must belong to the same district where the respective Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya is located.

Also Read: CBSE Class 9 Registration (2025-26)

NVS Class 9 Syllabus 2026

To perform well in the JNVST Class 9 entrance exam, students must strictly follow the official JNV Class 9 syllabus. Below is a table highlighting some of the key topics included in the Navodaya Class 9 syllabus:

English	Hindi	Mathematics	General Science
Word and Sentences	मुहावरा, लोकोक्ति	Cube and cube root	Light
Unseen Passage	पर्याय / विलोम	Data handling	Sound
Jumbled words	पद परिचय	Rational Number	Friction
Prepoitions	वर्ण विचार	Exponents	Force
Modals	वाक्य रचनातनतरण	Quadilaterals	Solar system
Tense	अशुद्ध वाक्यों को शुद्द करना	Square and Square roots	Reproduction

JNV Class 9 Exam Pattern 2026

Sections	Number of questions	Marks
English	15	15
General Science	35	35
Hindi	15	15
Maths	35	35
100	100